In order to achieve the four goals of essay writing — unity, support, organization, and error-free sentences — the writer has to complete three essential steps. Prewriting involves working out a thesis and appropriate support to it. Writing a first draft involves organizing thesis and supporting material. Revising and editing ensures the final result. Prewriting can be done through five techniques. First, freewriting involves noting down all the ideas that occur in connection with a given topic. This is done in rough sentences and phrases to accumulate ideas and details to support them. Second, questioning helps to produce ideas and details by asking all kinds of questions about the topic. Third, making a list (or brainstorming) assists in collecting ideas and details that relate to the chosen topic. No differentiation is conducted on this level, all ideas are treated as equally important. Fourth, clustering (or diagramming, or mapping) is a way to visualize the relationships among the ideas and details and to single out the main and secondary ones. Fifth, preparing a scratch outline is a step uniting the results of the previous ones. During this stage, the main point and supporting ideas are arranged in a neat outline. This stage is significant for a typical essay since it ensures its unity and integrity. Writing a first draft enriches the essay with additional thoughts and details. A crucial stage for essay writing is revising, since it means rewriting the initial essay to make it stronger. To access the strengths and weaknesses of the essay, it is advisory to set the draft aside for some time, then print it out, read it aloud, and introduce all the necessary changes. Revision should concern content, sentence style, and editing for grammar, punctuation, and spelling mistakes.